Hopscotch wrote:which sub-genres, film movements, and prolific directors should I highlight?
If it was up to me I'd look at things more from this approach rather then directly naming films. As a general guideline (even though I did name a lot of films in the end) and purely out of my head right now what I think must be covered in a respected retrospective film library should be:
film movements/genres:
-Early experiments (there are many DVDs with recopilations of films by the Lumiéres, Mélies etc.)
-Early manifestations of the
Institutional Representation Mode (some Griffith would do the trick, not 'The Birth of a Nation' though, forget the controversy it's just too damn boring)
-Early Soviet cinema (Vértov/Einsenstein are the most representative)
-German expressionism (too broad a genre, but Dr. Caligri and/or Metropolis are the most well known and they represent the overall concept very well)
-Silent era Hollywood
-Film noir
-Italian neorrealism
-Spaghetti westerns
-Nouvelle vague
-Early american indie / B-movies (also very, very broad, I don't know enough to help you here though)
-70's Hollywood (most notably the influence for the first time of auteurism in mainstream cinema, like Polanski, Scorsese, Coppola etc.)
-Blockbusters/visual culture (again, very broad, but easier to choose from, you should go at the more technologically advanced/expensive for their times such as Star Wars, Independence Day, Armageddon, Terminator 2, Toy Story etc. A DVD compilation of music videos is also an interesting choice but a riskier one.)
-Purely experimental, non-narrative cinema is also something you should consider, though picking one film/DVD shouldn't be an easy task. Nam June Paik, Stan Brakhage, Kenneth Anger, Norman McLaren are all names I hear often if you want to begin looking, but I haven't been looking into their work that I can remember. Personally I wouldn't go there but I also didn't want to completely ignore it.
-There are many documentary filmmakers that work on perfecting the documentary aesthetic itself to the point where their film are just as much about their study subject as about the documentary form and the way a discourse is constructed. I'm not very familiar with documentaries but you should check out into Errol Morris, Frederick Wiseman and Herzog's documentaries to name a few.
-Japanese cinema has also been very influential to the rest of the world, I haven't seen too many asian films though at all.
As for filmmakers, I can think of a few that definitely cannot be left out: Kubrick, Hitchcock, Lynch, Herzog, Scorsese, Tarantino, Truffaut, Godard, Kurosawa, Fellini, Jarmusch, Welles, Polanski, Crononberg, Bergman, Tarkovsky. I must be forgetting some but it would be a sin in my eyes to leave any of these guys out. Sorry if this was just too much, I hope this helps you somehow.